The EPA’s New Water Abstraction Guidelines

21 Mar 2025

Ireland is overhauling its water abstraction laws to better protect water resources and align with the EU Water Framework Directive. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has introduced updated guidelines, replacing the outdated Water Resources Act 1997, to ensure sustainable water use and prevent ecological harm. Here’s what you need to know:
1. Tiered Licensing System
The EPA now categorises water abstraction (removing water from rivers, lakes, or groundwater) into three tiers based on volume:
Small-scale (≤25m³/day): No license required, but users must avoid environmental harm.
Medium-scale (25–2,000m³/day): Must register with the EPA and comply with usage conditions.
Large-scale (>2,000m³/day): Require a formal license, subject to rigorous environmental assessments.

2. Mandatory Metering
Large abstractors must install meters to monitor usage, ensuring compliance with license terms. This data will inform the EPA’s management of water stress risks.

3. Public Register
A transparent online register will list all licensed abstractions, boosting accountability and allowing public scrutiny of water use impacts.

4. Environmental Safeguards
License applicants must prove their abstraction won’t harm water bodies or ecosystems. The EPA can revoke permits if ecological damage occurs, prioritising resource protection over commercial needs.

Why the Change?
Ireland’s previous system lacked robust oversight, risking over-exploitation of water resources. The reforms address EU criticism by ensuring sustainable use, improving data collection, and involving the public in decision-making. Implications for users businesses, farmers, and industries abstracting water must review their usage volumes. Large users face stricter compliance costs, while smaller abstractors retain flexibility but must avoid environmental damage. Non-compliance risks fines or prosecution.

Transition Period
Existing abstractors have until 2025 to apply for licenses under the new system. The EPA will phase out old permits, emphasising a smooth shift to sustainable practices. These guidelines aim to balance economic needs with environmental protection, safeguarding Ireland’s water resources for future generations.